{"id":6425,"date":"2019-02-28T11:45:13","date_gmt":"2019-02-28T11:45:13","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/demo.goodlayers.com\/attorna\/?p=6425"},"modified":"2023-03-26T14:42:47","modified_gmt":"2023-03-26T14:42:47","slug":"how-is-mediation-useful-in-family-law-cases","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"http:\/\/talhagungor.av.tr\/index.php\/2019\/02\/28\/how-is-mediation-useful-in-family-law-cases\/","title":{"rendered":"S\u00dcR\u00dcC\u00dcN\u00dcN SADECE ALKOLL\u00dc OLMASI S\u0130GORTA \u015e\u0130RKET\u0130NE R\u00dcCU HAKKI VERMEZ. KAZAYA YOLDAK\u0130 ASFALT \u00c7ALI\u015eMASI \u00c7AMUR VE \u00c7UKURLARIN DA ETK\u0130S\u0130N\u0130N OLDU\u011eU"},"content":{"rendered":"\n
<\/figure>\n\n\n\n
\"\"<\/figure>\n\n\n\n<\/span>\n\n\n\n

T.C.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

YARGITAY<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

HUKUK GENEL KURULU<\/strong><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Esas No:2013\/1199<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Karar No:2014\/1018<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

K. Tarihi:10.12.2014<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

R\u00dcCUAN TAZM\u0130NAT DAVASI – TRAF\u0130K S\u0130GORTASI POL\u0130\u00c7ES\u0130 KAPSAMINDA YAPILAN \u00d6DEMEN\u0130N MEYDANA GELD\u0130\u011e\u0130 KAZANIN SALT ALKOL\u00dcN ETK\u0130S\u0130 ALTINDA OLU\u015eMASI – KAZAYA YOLDAK\u0130 ASFALT \u00c7ALI\u015eMASI \u00c7AMUR VE \u00c7UKURLARIN DA ETK\u0130S\u0130N\u0130N OLDU\u011eU<\/h4>\n\n\n\n

<\/p>\n\n\n\n

A\u00e7\u0131k\u00e7a g\u00f6r\u00fclece\u011fi \u00fczere ve yukar\u0131da de\u011finildi\u011fi gibi kaza, tek ba\u015f\u0131na davac\u0131 \u015firket sigortal\u0131s\u0131 ara\u00e7 s\u00fcr\u00fcc\u00fcs\u00fcn\u00fcn alkoll\u00fc olmas\u0131n\u0131n etkisiyle meydana gelmemi\u015ftir. Olaya bunun yan\u0131nda yoldaki asfalt \u00e7al\u0131\u015fmas\u0131, \u00e7amur ve \u00e7ukurlar\u0131n etkisinin oldu\u011fu da anla\u015f\u0131lmaktad\u0131r<\/p>\n\n\n\n

MAHKEMES\u0130 : Band\u0131rma 2. Asliye Hukuk Mahkemesi<\/p>\n\n\n\n

TAR\u0130H\u0130 : 20\/09\/2012<\/p>\n\n\n\n

NUMARASI : 2012\/290-2012\/340<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Taraflar aras\u0131ndaki \u201cr\u00fccuan tazminat\u201d davas\u0131ndan dolay\u0131 yap\u0131lan yarg\u0131lama sonunda; Band\u0131rma 2. Asliye Hukuk Mahkemesince davan\u0131n kabul\u00fcne dair verilen 21.12.2010 g\u00fcn ve 2010\/140 esas, 2010\/391 karar say\u0131l\u0131 karar\u0131n incelenmesi daval\u0131 vekili taraf\u0131ndan istenilmesi \u00fczerine, Yarg\u0131tay 17. Hukuk Dairesinin 27.03.2012 g\u00fcn ve 2011\/4944 esas, 2012\/3733 karar say\u0131l\u0131 ilam\u0131 ile;<\/p>\n\n\n\n

(…Davac\u0131 vekili, m\u00fclkiyeti daval\u0131ya ait ara\u00e7ta yolcu olan ve dava d\u0131\u015f\u0131 s\u00fcr\u00fcc\u00fcn\u00fcn alkoll\u00fc olarak yapt\u0131\u011f\u0131 tek tarafl\u0131 kazada \u00f6len Kaz\u0131m Me\u015fe’nin miras\u00e7\u0131s\u0131na davac\u0131n\u0131n, arac\u0131n zorunlu mali sorumluluk sigortac\u0131s\u0131 olarak 31.959 TL. destek tazminat\u0131 \u00f6dedi\u011fini, s\u00fcr\u00fcc\u00fcn\u00fcn alkoll\u00fc olmas\u0131 nedeni ile davac\u0131n\u0131n r\u00fccu hakk\u0131 bulundu\u011funu a\u00e7\u0131klay\u0131p, 31.959 TL.’nin \u00f6deme tarihinden itibaren i\u015fleyecek yasal faizi ile birlikte daval\u0131dan tahsiline karar verilmesini talep etmi\u015ftir.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Daval\u0131 vekili, davan\u0131n reddini savunmu\u015ftur.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Mahkemece, iddia, savunma ve toplanan kan\u0131tlara g\u00f6re; davan\u0131n kabul\u00fc ile, 31.959 TL alaca\u011f\u0131n 18.05.2006 tarihinden itibaren i\u015fleyecek kanuni faizi ile birlikte daval\u0131 taraftan al\u0131narak davac\u0131 tarafa verilmesine karar verilmi\u015f; h\u00fck\u00fcm, daval\u0131 vekili taraf\u0131ndan temyiz edilmi\u015ftir.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

1-Dosyadaki yaz\u0131lara, karar\u0131n dayand\u0131\u011f\u0131 delillerle gerektirici sebeplere g\u00f6re, daval\u0131 vekilinin a\u015fa\u011f\u0131daki bendin kapsam\u0131 d\u0131\u015f\u0131nda kalan sair temyiz itirazlar\u0131n\u0131n reddine karar vermek gerekmi\u015ftir.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

2-Dava, trafik kazas\u0131ndan kaynaklanan r\u00fccuan destekten yoksun kalma tazminat\u0131 istemine ili\u015fkindir. 2918 say\u0131l\u0131 KTK.nun 48. maddesinde; alkoll\u00fc i\u00e7ki almas\u0131 nedeniyle g\u00fcvenli s\u00fcrme yeteneklerini kaybetmi\u015f ki\u015filerin karayolunda ara\u00e7 s\u00fcrmelerinin yasak oldu\u011fu ifade edilmi\u015ftir.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Karayollar\u0131 Trafik Y\u00f6netmeli\u011finin \u201cUyu\u015fturucu ve Keyif Verici Maddeler ile \u0130\u00e7kilerin Etkisinde Ara\u00e7 S\u00fcrme Yasa\u011f\u0131\u201d ba\u015fl\u0131kl\u0131 97. Maddesinde alkoll\u00fc i\u00e7ki alm\u0131\u015f olmas\u0131 nedeniyle g\u00fcvenli s\u00fcrme yetene\u011fini kaybetmi\u015f ki\u015filerin karayolunda ara\u00e7 s\u00fcrmelerinin yasak oldu\u011fu a\u00e7\u0131kland\u0131ktan sonra konu ile ilgili olan \u201cb-2\u201d bendinde \u201calkoll\u00fc i\u00e7ki alm\u0131\u015f olarak kandaki alkol miktar\u0131na g\u00f6re ara\u00e7 s\u00fcrme yasa\u011f\u0131 kenar ba\u015fl\u0131\u011f\u0131 alt\u0131nda; alkoll\u00fc i\u00e7ki alm\u0131\u015f olarak ara\u00e7 kulland\u0131\u011f\u0131 tesbit edilen di\u011fer ara\u00e7 s\u00fcr\u00fcc\u00fclerinden kandaki alkol miktar\u0131 0.50 promil \u00fcst\u00fcnde olanlar\u0131n ara\u00e7 kullanamayacaklar\u0131 a\u00e7\u0131klanm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Ayr\u0131ca Zorunlu Mali Mesuliyet Sorumluluk Genel \u015eartlar\u0131n\u0131n B.4.d maddesinde; tazminat\u0131 gerektirin olay i\u015fletenin veya eylemlerinden sorumlu oldu\u011fu ki\u015filerin veya motorlu arac\u0131n hat\u0131r i\u00e7in kar\u015f\u0131l\u0131ks\u0131z olarak kendilerine verilen ki\u015filerin uyu\u015fturucu veya keyif verici maddeler alm\u0131\u015f olarak arac\u0131 sevk ve idare etmeleri esnas\u0131nda meydana gelmi\u015f veya olay yukar\u0131da say\u0131lan ki\u015filerin alkoll\u00fc i\u00e7ki alm\u0131\u015f olmalar\u0131 nedeniyle arac\u0131 g\u00fcvenli s\u00fcrme yeteneklerini kaybetmi\u015f bulunmalar\u0131ndan ileri geliyorsa sigortac\u0131n\u0131n sigorta ettirene r\u00fccu hakk\u0131 oldu\u011fu a\u00e7\u0131klanm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Bununla birlikte Zorunlu Mali Sorumluluk Sigortas\u0131 Genel \u015eartlar\u0131n\u0131n B.4.d maddesinin dayana\u011f\u0131n\u0131 te\u015fkil eden KTK’nun 48. maddesinin yasaklamay\u0131 d\u00fczenleyen ilk f\u0131kras\u0131nda, alkoll\u00fc i\u00e7ki alm\u0131\u015f olmas\u0131 nedeniyle g\u00fcvenli ara\u00e7 s\u00fcrme yeteneklerini kaybetmi\u015f ki\u015filerin karayolunda ara\u00e7 s\u00fcrmeleri yasaklanm\u0131\u015f olup, ayn\u0131 maddenin 2. f\u0131kras\u0131ndaki y\u00f6netmelik d\u00fczenlenmesine olanak tan\u0131yan h\u00fck\u00fcmde, yasaklama yetkisi y\u00f6netmeli\u011fe b\u0131rak\u0131lm\u0131\u015f olmad\u0131\u011f\u0131ndan, Karayollar\u0131 Trafik Y\u00f6netmeli\u011finin 97. maddesinde, yukar\u0131da an\u0131lan yasa h\u00fckm\u00fc tekrarland\u0131ktan ve m\u00fctakip, uyu\u015fturucu veya keyif verici maddeler ile alkoll\u00fc i\u00e7kilerin oranlar\u0131n\u0131n ne \u015fekilde saptanaca\u011f\u0131 belirlendikten sonra, yasada yer alan h\u00fckm\u00fc dikkate almadan salt 0.50 promilin \u00fcst\u00fcnde al\u0131nan alkol miktar\u0131na g\u00f6re ara\u00e7 kullanma yasa\u011f\u0131 getirilmesinin yasal dayana\u011f\u0131 bulunmad\u0131\u011f\u0131ndan ge\u00e7ersiz bulunmaktad\u0131r. Ge\u00e7ersiz y\u00f6netmelik h\u00fck\u00fcmlerinin yasaya ayk\u0131r\u0131 bir \u015fekilde genel \u015fart olarak kabul\u00fc de m\u00fcmk\u00fcn de\u011fildir.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

O halde, hasar\u0131n teminat d\u0131\u015f\u0131 kalabilmesi i\u00e7in kazan\u0131n meydana geli\u015f \u015fekli itibariyle s\u00fcr\u00fcc\u00fcn\u00fcn salt (m\u00fcnhas\u0131ran) alkol\u00fcn etkisi alt\u0131nda kaza yapm\u0131\u015f olmas\u0131 gerekmektedir. Di\u011fer bir anlat\u0131mla s\u00fcr\u00fcc\u00fcn\u00fcn alkoll\u00fc olmas\u0131 tek ba\u015f\u0131na hasar\u0131n teminat d\u0131\u015f\u0131 kalmas\u0131n\u0131 gerektirmez. \u00dcstelik, b\u00f6yle bir durumda hasar\u0131n teminat d\u0131\u015f\u0131 kald\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131n ispat y\u00fck\u00fc TTK’nun 1281. Maddesi h\u00fckm\u00fc gere\u011fince sigortac\u0131ya d\u00fc\u015fmektedir.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Yarg\u0131tay’\u0131n yerle\u015fik uygulamalar\u0131nda; s\u00fcr\u00fcc\u00fcn\u00fcn ald\u0131\u011f\u0131 alkol\u00fcn oran\u0131n\u0131n do\u011frudan do\u011fruya sonuca etkisi bulunmad\u0131\u011f\u0131ndan, mahkemece n\u00f6roloji uzman\u0131, hukuk\u00e7u ve trafik konusunda uzman bilirki\u015filerden olu\u015fan bilirki\u015fi kurulu arac\u0131l\u0131\u011f\u0131yla olay\u0131n salt alkol\u00fcn etkisiyle ger\u00e7ekle\u015fip ger\u00e7ekle\u015fmedi\u011finin, alkol d\u0131\u015f\u0131nda ba\u015fka unsurlar\u0131nda olay\u0131n meydana gelmesinde rol oynay\u0131p oynamad\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131n saptanmas\u0131, sonu\u00e7ta olay\u0131n tek ba\u015f\u0131na alkol\u00fcn etkisiyle meydana geldi\u011finin saptanmas\u0131 durumunda, olu\u015fan hasar\u0131n poli\u00e7e teminat\u0131 d\u0131\u015f\u0131nda kalaca\u011f\u0131ndan davan\u0131n reddine aksi halinde kabul\u00fcne karar verilmesi gerekece\u011fi ilkesi benimsenmektedir. (Bkz. YHGK 23.10.2002 g\u00fcn ve 2002\/11-768-840; YHGK 7.4.2004 g\u00fcn ve 2004\/11-257-212; YHGK 2.3.2005 g\u00fcn ve 2005\/11-81-18; YHGK 14.12.2005 g\u00fcn 2005\/11-624-713 say\u0131l\u0131 ilamlar\u0131).<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Mahkemece verilen ilk h\u00fck\u00fcm, kazan\u0131n, salt (m\u00fcnhas\u0131ran) s\u00fcr\u00fcc\u00fcn\u00fcn alkoll\u00fc olmas\u0131n\u0131n etkisi alt\u0131nda meydana gelip gelmedi\u011fi konusuna ili\u015fkin olarak al\u0131nan raporlar\u0131n h\u00fck\u00fcm kurmaya yetersiz oldu\u011fu gerek\u00e7esiyle Dairemizin 25.1.2010 tarihli ilam\u0131 ile bozulmu\u015f, mahkemece bozma ilam\u0131na uyularak 2 n\u00f6roloji ve 1 makine m\u00fchendisi olan bilirki\u015fi heyetinden al\u0131nan raporda kazan\u0131n m\u00fcnhas\u0131ran s\u00fcr\u00fcc\u00fcn\u00fcn alkoll\u00fc olmas\u0131n\u0131n etkisi ile meydana gelmedi\u011fi, kazan\u0131n olu\u015fumunda yoldaki asfalt \u00e7al\u0131\u015fmas\u0131 ile \u00e7ukurlar\u0131n da etkisinin oldu\u011funun bildirilmi\u015f olmas\u0131na g\u00f6re davan\u0131n reddi yerine aksi d\u00fc\u015f\u00fcnce ile yaz\u0131l\u0131 \u015fekilde kabul\u00fcne karar verilmesi isabetli de\u011fildir.)<\/p>\n\n\n\n

gerek\u00e7esiyle bozularak dosya yerine geri \u00e7evrilmekle, yeniden yap\u0131lan yarg\u0131lama sonunda, mahkemece \u00f6nceki kararda direnilmi\u015ftir.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

HUKUK GENEL KURULU KARARI<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Hukuk Genel Kurulu\u2019nca incelenerek direnme karar\u0131n\u0131n s\u00fcresinde temyiz edildi\u011fi anla\u015f\u0131ld\u0131ktan ve dosyadaki ka\u011f\u0131tlar okunduktan sonra gere\u011fi g\u00f6r\u00fc\u015f\u00fcld\u00fc:<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Dava, trafik kazas\u0131ndan kaynaklanan r\u00fccuan destekten yoksun kalma tazminat\u0131 istemine ili\u015fkindir.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Yerel mahkemece, davan\u0131n kabul\u00fcne dair verilen karar daval\u0131 vekilinin temyizi \u00fczerine, \u00d6zel Dairece yukar\u0131da ba\u015fl\u0131k b\u00f6l\u00fcm\u00fcnde yaz\u0131l\u0131 gerek\u00e7eyle bozulmu\u015f; mahkemece \u00f6nceki kararda direnilmi\u015ftir. Direnme karar\u0131n\u0131, daval\u0131 vekili temyize getirmi\u015ftir.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Direnme yoluyla Hukuk Genel Kurulu \u00f6n\u00fcne gelen uyu\u015fmazl\u0131k; dosya kapsam\u0131na g\u00f6re, trafik kazas\u0131n\u0131n salt (m\u00fcnhas\u0131ran) alkol\u00fcn etkisiyle meydana geldi\u011finin kabul\u00fc ile davan\u0131n reddinin gerekip gerekmedi\u011fi noktas\u0131nda toplanmaktad\u0131r.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Uyu\u015fmazl\u0131\u011f\u0131n \u00e7\u00f6z\u00fcm\u00fcne y\u00f6nelik olarak, \u00f6ncelikle konuya ili\u015fkin yasal mevzuat\u0131n incelenmesinde yarar bulunmaktad\u0131r:<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Bilindi\u011fi \u00fczere, haks\u0131z eylem sonucu zarar g\u00f6ren ki\u015filerin korunmalar\u0131n\u0131 sa\u011flamak i\u00e7in mevzuat\u0131m\u0131zda \u00e7e\u015fitli alanlarda yapt\u0131r\u0131lmas\u0131 zorunlu sigorta t\u00fcrlerine yer verilmi\u015ftir.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u00d6zel sigorta hukuku alan\u0131nda sigorta s\u00f6zle\u015fmesi yapma zorunlulu\u011funun amac\u0131, baz\u0131 meslek ve faaliyetler sonucu ortaya \u00e7\u0131kabilecek mal veya can zararlar\u0131n\u0131n \u00f6denmesini sa\u011flayarak, toplumda bu \u00e7e\u015fit risklere maruz kalan ki\u015fileri korumakt\u0131r (Ya\u015far Karayal\u00e7\u0131n, \u00d6zel Sigorta Hukuku A\u00e7\u0131s\u0131ndan \u00d6l\u00fcm ve Cismani Zarar Riskleri, Ankara 1993, s. 127).<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Bu ama\u00e7la mevzuat\u0131m\u0131zda kabul edilen zorunlu sigorta t\u00fcrleri: Zorunlu Mali Sorumluluk (Trafik) Sigortas\u0131, Zorunlu Karayolu Yolcu Ta\u015f\u0131mac\u0131l\u0131k Mali Sorumluluk Sigortas\u0131, Karayolu Yolcu Ta\u015f\u0131mac\u0131l\u0131\u011f\u0131 Zorunlu Koltuk Ferdi Kaza Sigortas\u0131, T\u00fcpgaz Zorunlu Mali Sorumluluk Sigortas\u0131 ve Tehlikeli Maddeler Zorunlu Mali Sorumluluk Sigortas\u0131\u2019d\u0131r.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Bu kapsamda motorlu ta\u015f\u0131t i\u015fletenin sorumlulu\u011fu bir tehlike sorumlulu\u011fu olup, 2918 say\u0131l\u0131 Karayollar\u0131 Trafik Kanunu (KTK)\u2019nun 85. maddesinde d\u00fczenlenmi\u015ftir.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

KTK\u2019nun 85. maddesinin 17.10.1996 tarih ve 4199 say\u0131l\u0131 Kanun ile yap\u0131lan de\u011fi\u015fikli\u011finde i\u015fletenin sorumlulu\u011fu a\u011f\u0131rla\u015ft\u0131r\u0131l\u0131rken, ayn\u0131 Kanunu\u2019nun 91. maddesi ile Zorunlu Mali Sorumluluk (Trafik) Sigortas\u0131 yapt\u0131rma zorunlulu\u011fu da getirilmi\u015ftir.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

ZMSS ile ilgili h\u00fck\u00fcmler KTK\u2019nun 91 ila 111. maddelerinde ve ayn\u0131 Kanunun 93. maddesi h\u00fckm\u00fc uyar\u0131nca \u00e7\u0131kar\u0131lan Zorunlu Mali Sorumluluk Sigortas\u0131 Genel \u015eartlar\u0131nda ayr\u0131nt\u0131l\u0131 olarak d\u00fczenlenmi\u015ftir.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

KTK\u2019nun 91. maddesine g\u00f6re: \u201c\u0130\u015fletenlerin, bu Kanunun 85. maddesinin birinci f\u0131kras\u0131na g\u00f6re olan sorumluluklar\u0131n\u0131n kar\u015f\u0131lanmas\u0131n\u0131 sa\u011flamak \u00fczere mali sorumluluk sigortas\u0131 yapt\u0131rmalar\u0131 zorunludur.\u201d<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Ayn\u0131 Kanunun 85. maddesinin 1. f\u0131kras\u0131na g\u00f6re de, \u201cBir motorlu arac\u0131n i\u015fletilmesi bir kimsenin \u00f6l\u00fcm\u00fcne veya yaralanmas\u0131na yahut bir \u015feyin zarara u\u011framas\u0131na sebep olursa, motorlu arac\u0131n bir te\u015febb\u00fcs unvan\u0131 veya i\u015fletme ad\u0131 alt\u0131nda veya bu te\u015febb\u00fcs taraf\u0131ndan kesilen biletle i\u015fletilmesi halinde, motorlu arac\u0131n i\u015fleteni ve ba\u011fl\u0131 oldu\u011fu te\u015febb\u00fcs sahibi do\u011fan zarardan m\u00fc\u015ftereken ve m\u00fcteselsilen sorumlu olurlar.\u201d<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Buna g\u00f6re, motorlu bir arac\u0131n karayollar\u0131nda i\u015fletilmesi s\u0131ras\u0131nda, bir kimsenin \u00f6l\u00fcm\u00fcne veya yaralanmas\u0131na veya bir \u015feyin zarara u\u011framas\u0131na neden olmas\u0131 halinde o arac\u0131 i\u015fletenin zarara u\u011frayan \u00fc\u00e7\u00fcnc\u00fc ki\u015filere kar\u015f\u0131 olan sorumlulu\u011funu belli limitler dahilinde kar\u015f\u0131lamay\u0131 ama\u00e7layan ve yasaca yap\u0131lmas\u0131 zorunlu k\u0131l\u0131nan sorumluluk sigortas\u0131 t\u00fcr\u00fcne Zorunlu Mali Sorumluluk Sigortas\u0131 (ZMSS) ad\u0131 verilmektedir (I\u015f\u0131l Ula\u015f, Uygulamal\u0131 Sigorta Hukuku Mal ve Sorumluluk Sigortalar\u0131, Ekim 2002, 3. Bask\u0131, s. 624).<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Bu sigortan\u0131n amac\u0131, trafik kazalar\u0131 nedeniyle \u00fc\u00e7\u00fcnc\u00fc ki\u015filerin u\u011frayacaklar\u0131 zararlar\u0131n kolayca temin edilmesi ile zarardan sorumlu olan i\u015fletenin kaza riskine kar\u015f\u0131 ekonomik bak\u0131mdan korunmas\u0131d\u0131r (Hasan Tahsin G\u00f6kcan\/Seydi Kaymaz, KTK\u2019na G\u00f6re Hukuki Sorumluluk, Tazminat-Sigorta R\u00fccu Davalar\u0131 ve Trafik Su\u00e7 ve Kabahatleri, 2009, 6. Bask\u0131, s. 391).<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Trafik sigortas\u0131 olarak da adland\u0131r\u0131lan, Zorunlu Mali Sorumluluk Sigortas\u0131, KTK\u2019nun 91. maddesinde belirtildi\u011fi \u00fczere i\u015fletenin \u00fc\u00e7\u00fcnc\u00fc ki\u015filere verdi\u011fi zararlar\u0131 kar\u015f\u0131lamak amac\u0131yla olu\u015fturulmu\u015f bir zarar sigortas\u0131 t\u00fcr\u00fcd\u00fcr; Kanunun 91\/1. ve 85\/1. maddeleri uyar\u0131nca, Zorunlu Mali Sorumluluk Sigortas\u0131n\u0131 yapan sigortac\u0131 i\u015fletenin sorumlulu\u011funu \u00fcstlenmektedir.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Kanunun 85. maddesinin son f\u0131kras\u0131na g\u00f6re, i\u015fleten, ara\u00e7 s\u00fcr\u00fcc\u00fcs\u00fcn\u00fcn veya arac\u0131n kullan\u0131lmas\u0131na kat\u0131lan yard\u0131mc\u0131 ki\u015filerin kusurundan kendi kusuru gibi sorumlu oldu\u011fundan, sigortac\u0131n\u0131n sorumlulu\u011funun zarar\u0131n niteli\u011fi y\u00f6n\u00fcnden de i\u015fleten gibi de\u011ferlendirilmesi gerekmektedir.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Dava konusunu olu\u015fturan trafik sigortas\u0131nda sigortac\u0131n\u0131n r\u00fccu hakk\u0131 KTK\u2019nun 95. maddesinin 2. f\u0131kras\u0131nda genel olarak d\u00fczenlemeye tabi tutulmu\u015f bulunmaktad\u0131r.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Bu d\u00fczenlemeye g\u00f6re, an\u0131lan maddenin ilk f\u0131kras\u0131nda belirtilen ve sigortac\u0131n\u0131n tazminat y\u00fck\u00fcml\u00fcl\u00fc\u011f\u00fcn\u00fcn azalt\u0131lmas\u0131 ve kald\u0131r\u0131lmas\u0131na ili\u015fkin haller, sigortac\u0131 taraf\u0131ndan \u00fc\u00e7\u00fcnc\u00fc ki\u015filere kar\u015f\u0131 ileri s\u00fcr\u00fclemeyece\u011finden, sigortac\u0131 zarar g\u00f6rene \u00f6deme yapt\u0131ktan sonra, sigorta s\u00f6zle\u015fmesine ve bu s\u00f6zle\u015fmeye ili\u015fkin kanun h\u00fck\u00fcmlerine g\u00f6re, tazminat\u0131n kald\u0131r\u0131lmas\u0131n\u0131 ve indirilmesini sa\u011flayabilece\u011fi oranda kendi sigorta ettirenine r\u00fccu edebilecektir.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

An\u0131lan d\u00fczenleme; s\u00f6zle\u015fme ve yasa gere\u011fi sigorta ettirene kar\u015f\u0131 def\u2019i hakk\u0131 bulunan sigortac\u0131n\u0131n, bu hakka dayanarak kendi \u00e2kidine d\u00f6nmesini sa\u011flamaktad\u0131r.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

2918 say\u0131l\u0131 Kanunda hangi hallerin sigortac\u0131n\u0131n tazminat y\u00fck\u00fcml\u00fcl\u00fc\u011f\u00fcn\u00fcn kald\u0131r\u0131lmas\u0131 veya tazminat miktar\u0131n\u0131n azalt\u0131lmas\u0131 sonucunu do\u011furan durumlar oldu\u011fu say\u0131lm\u0131\u015f de\u011fildir. Bu husus s\u00f6zle\u015fme h\u00fck\u00fcmlerine b\u0131rak\u0131lm\u0131\u015f bulunmaktad\u0131r.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Nitekim, ZMSS Poli\u00e7esi Genel \u015eartlar\u0131n\u0131n B.4 maddesinde bu husus \u201cZarar G\u00f6renlerin Haklar\u0131n\u0131n Sakl\u0131 Tutulmas\u0131 ve Sigortac\u0131n\u0131n \u0130\u015fletene R\u00fccu Hakk\u0131\u201d ba\u015fl\u0131\u011f\u0131 alt\u0131nda ayr\u0131 bir d\u00fczenlemeye tabi tutulmu\u015ftur.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Buna g\u00f6re;<\/p>\n\n\n\n

a) Tazminat\u0131 gerektiren olay, i\u015fletenin veya eylemlerinden sorumlu oldu\u011fu ki\u015filerin kasdi bir hareketi veya a\u011f\u0131r kusuru sonucunda meydana gelmi\u015f ise,<\/p>\n\n\n\n

b) \u0130\u015fleten, yetkili makamlardan izin almaks\u0131z\u0131n d\u00fczenlenen bir yar\u0131\u015f i\u00e7in Karayollar\u0131 Trafik Kanunu uyar\u0131nca yap\u0131lmas\u0131 gereken \u00f6zel bir sigortan\u0131n yap\u0131lmam\u0131\u015f oldu\u011funu biliyorsa veya gerekli \u00f6zeni g\u00f6stermesi halinde bilebilecek durumda ise,<\/p>\n\n\n\n

c) Tazminat\u0131 gerektiren olay, arac\u0131n Karayollar\u0131 Trafik Kanunu h\u00fck\u00fcmlerine g\u00f6re gereken ehliyetnameye sahip olmayan kimseler taraf\u0131ndan sevkedilmesi sonucunda meydana gelmi\u015f ise,<\/p>\n\n\n\n

d) Tazminat\u0131 gerektiren olay, i\u015fletenin veya eylemlerinden sorumlu oldu\u011fu ki\u015filerin veya motorlu arac\u0131n hat\u0131r i\u00e7in kar\u015f\u0131l\u0131ks\u0131z olarak kendilerine verilen ki\u015filerin uyu\u015fturucu veya keyif verici maddeler alm\u0131\u015f olarak arac\u0131 sevk ve idare etmeleri esnas\u0131nda meydana gelmi\u015f veya olay, yukar\u0131da say\u0131lan ki\u015filerin alkoll\u00fc i\u00e7ki alm\u0131\u015f olmalar\u0131 nedeniyle arac\u0131 g\u00fcvenli s\u00fcrme yeteneklerini kaybetmi\u015f bulunmalar\u0131ndan ileri geliyorsa,<\/p>\n\n\n\n

e) Tazminat\u0131 gerektiren olay, yolcu ta\u015f\u0131maya ruhsatl\u0131 olmayan ara\u00e7larda yolcu ta\u015f\u0131nmas\u0131 veya yetkili makamlarca tesbit edilmi\u015f olan istiab haddinden fazla yolcu veya y\u00fck ta\u015f\u0131nmas\u0131 veya patlay\u0131c\u0131, parlay\u0131c\u0131 ve tehlikeli maddeleri ta\u015f\u0131ma ruhsat\u0131 bulunmayan ara\u00e7larda, bu maddelerin parlama, tutu\u015fma ve infilak\u0131 y\u00fcz\u00fcnden meydana gelmi\u015f ise,<\/p>\n\n\n\n

f) Sigorta ettirenin, rizikonun ger\u00e7ekle\u015fmesi halinde, B.1 maddesinde belirtilen (be\u015f g\u00fcn i\u00e7inde ihbar, koruma ve kurtarma \u00f6nlemleri alma, bilgi ve belgeleri gecikmeksizin verme, a\u00e7\u0131lan davay\u0131 duyurma, ba\u015fka sigorta s\u00f6zle\u015fmeleri varsa bunlar\u0131 bildirme) y\u00fck\u00fcml\u00fcl\u00fcklerini yerine getirmemesinden dolay\u0131 zarar ve ziyan miktar\u0131nda bir art\u0131\u015f olursa,<\/p>\n\n\n\n

g) Tazminat\u0131 gerektiren olay\u0131n arac\u0131n \u00e7al\u0131nmas\u0131 veya gaspedilmesi sonucunda olmas\u0131 halinde, \u00e7al\u0131nma veya gaspedilme olay\u0131nda i\u015fletenin kendisinin veya eylemlerinden sorumlu oldu\u011fu ki\u015filerin kusurlu oldu\u011fu tespit edilirse,<\/p>\n\n\n\n

sigortac\u0131, sigortac\u0131s\u0131na (i\u015fletene) kar\u015f\u0131 d\u00f6nme (r\u00fccu) hakk\u0131n\u0131 kullanabilecektir.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Genel \u015fartlardaki bu d\u00fczenleme tarz\u0131, maddenin yaz\u0131m\u0131ndan da a\u00e7\u0131k\u00e7a anla\u015f\u0131ld\u0131\u011f\u0131 \u00fczere, s\u0131n\u0131rlay\u0131c\u0131 de\u011fil, say\u0131c\u0131 nitelikte bir a\u00e7\u0131klama h\u00fckm\u00fc olarak getirilmi\u015ftir.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Eldeki r\u00fccu davas\u0131 da, sigorta ettirenin s\u00f6zle\u015fmeye ayk\u0131r\u0131 davran\u0131\u015f\u0131n\u0131n varl\u0131\u011f\u0131 iddias\u0131na dayal\u0131 olarak a\u00e7\u0131lm\u0131\u015f, akdi ili\u015fkiye dayan\u0131lm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Bu nedenledir ki, taraflar aras\u0131ndaki akdi ili\u015fki irdelenmelidir:<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Somut olayda davac\u0131 A.. A.. taraf\u0131ndan Karayollar\u0131 Trafik Kanunu Zorunlu Mali Sorumluluk (Trafik) Sigorta poli\u00e7esiyle daval\u0131 G.. A..\u2019a ait 10 NH 159 plakal\u0131 arac\u0131n KTK\u2019nun 91. maddesine tevfikan 05.08.2005- 05.08.2006 tarihleri aras\u0131 365 g\u00fcn s\u00fcreyle sigorta kapsam\u0131na al\u0131nd\u0131\u011f\u0131, akdi ili\u015fkinin b\u00f6ylece kurulmu\u015f oldu\u011fu poli\u00e7e kapsam\u0131ndan anla\u015f\u0131lmaktad\u0131r.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Eldeki davada, sigortalayan\u0131n s\u00fcr\u00fcc\u00fcs\u00fcn\u00fcn alkoll\u00fc iken ara\u00e7 s\u00fcrmesine dayan\u0131lmaktad\u0131r.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Uyu\u015fmazl\u0131\u011f\u0131n \u00e7\u00f6z\u00fcm\u00fcnde mevzuat\u0131m\u0131zda yer alan ve alkoll\u00fc olarak ara\u00e7 kullan\u0131m\u0131na ili\u015fkin d\u00fczenlemeler \u00fczerinde de durulmal\u0131d\u0131r:<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Bilindi\u011fi \u00fczere KTK\u2019nun 48. maddesinde; alkoll\u00fc i\u00e7ki alm\u0131\u015f olmas\u0131 nedeniyle g\u00fcvenli s\u00fcrme yeteneklerini kaybetmi\u015f ki\u015filerin karayolunda ara\u00e7 s\u00fcrmelerinin yasak oldu\u011fu ifade edilmi\u015ftir.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Karayollar\u0131 Trafik Y\u00f6netmeli\u011finin \u201cUyu\u015fturucu ve Keyif Verici Maddeler ile \u0130\u00e7kilerin Etkisinde Ara\u00e7 S\u00fcrme Yasa\u011f\u0131\u201d ba\u015fl\u0131kl\u0131 97. maddesinde, alkoll\u00fc i\u00e7ki alm\u0131\u015f olmas\u0131 nedeniyle g\u00fcvenli s\u00fcrme yetene\u011fini kaybetmi\u015f ki\u015filerin karayolunda ara\u00e7 s\u00fcrmelerinin yasak oldu\u011fu a\u00e7\u0131kland\u0131ktan sonra, konu ile ilgili olan \u201cb-2\u201d bendinde \u201cAlkoll\u00fc i\u00e7ki alm\u0131\u015f olarak kandaki alkol miktar\u0131na g\u00f6re ara\u00e7 s\u00fcrme yasa\u011f\u0131\u201d kenar ba\u015fl\u0131\u011f\u0131 alt\u0131nda; Alkoll\u00fc i\u00e7ki alm\u0131\u015f olarak ara\u00e7 kulland\u0131\u011f\u0131 tespit edilen di\u011fer ara\u00e7 s\u00fcr\u00fcc\u00fclerinden kandaki alkol miktar\u0131 0.50 promilin \u00fcst\u00fcnde olanlar\u0131n ara\u00e7 kullanamayacaklar\u0131 a\u00e7\u0131klanm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Konuya ili\u015fkin Karayollar\u0131 Motorlu Ta\u015f\u0131tlar Zorunlu Mali Sorumluluk (Trafik Sigortas\u0131) Genel \u015eartlar\u0131n\u0131n B.4.d maddesinde ise tazminat\u0131 gerektiren olay\u0131n, i\u015fletenin veya eylemlerinden sorumlu oldu\u011fu ki\u015filerin veya motorlu arac\u0131n hat\u0131r i\u00e7in kar\u015f\u0131l\u0131ks\u0131z olarak kendilerine verilen ki\u015filerin alkoll\u00fc i\u00e7ki alm\u0131\u015f olmalar\u0131 nedeniyle arac\u0131 g\u00fcvenli s\u00fcrme yeteneklerini kaybetmi\u015f bulunmalar\u0131ndan ileri geliyorsa \u00f6demede bulunan sigortac\u0131n\u0131n sigorta s\u00f6zle\u015fmesine ve bu s\u00f6zle\u015fmeye ili\u015fkin kanun h\u00fck\u00fcmlerine g\u00f6re tazminat\u0131n kald\u0131r\u0131lmas\u0131 veya azalt\u0131lmas\u0131n\u0131 sa\u011flayabilece\u011fi oranda sigorta ettirene r\u00fccu edebilece\u011fi a\u00e7\u0131klanm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Gerek KTK\u2019nun 48. maddesinde gerekse taraflar aras\u0131ndaki akdi ili\u015fkinin ko\u015fullar\u0131n\u0131 belirleyen Genel \u015eartlarda, alkoll\u00fc ara\u00e7 kullanma halinde al\u0131nan alkol\u00fcn g\u00fcvenli ara\u00e7 s\u00fcrme yetene\u011fini engellemesi halinde, sigortac\u0131ya kendi \u00e2kidine r\u00fccu hakk\u0131 tan\u0131nm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

ZMSS poli\u00e7esi genel \u015fartlar\u0131na g\u00f6re riziko, i\u015fleten veya eylemlerinden sorumlu oldu\u011fu ki\u015filerin veya motorlu arac\u0131n hat\u0131r i\u00e7in kar\u015f\u0131l\u0131ks\u0131z olarak kendilerine verilen ki\u015filerin alkoll\u00fc i\u00e7ki alm\u0131\u015f olmalar\u0131 nedeniyle arac\u0131 g\u00fcvenli s\u00fcrme yeteneklerini kaybetmi\u015f olmalar\u0131ndan ileri gelmi\u015f ise, olaydan zarar g\u00f6renlerin zararlar\u0131 limit \u00e7er\u00e7evesinde sigortac\u0131 taraf\u0131ndan kar\u015f\u0131land\u0131ktan sonra kendi \u00e2kidi olan sigorta ettirene r\u00fccu edebilme hakk\u0131 tan\u0131nm\u0131\u015f bulunmaktad\u0131r.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Maddenin a\u00e7\u0131k d\u00fczenlemesi kar\u015f\u0131s\u0131nda alkoll\u00fc ara\u00e7 kullanma iddias\u0131na dayal\u0131 r\u00fccu davas\u0131 sigortac\u0131 taraf\u0131ndan kendi \u00e2kidi aleyhine a\u00e7\u0131lmal\u0131d\u0131r. Aksi halde davan\u0131n pasif dava ehliyeti bulunmad\u0131\u011f\u0131 gerek\u00e7esi ile reddi gerekir. Poli\u00e7e Genel \u015eartlar\u0131n\u0131n B.4 maddesinde \u201c\u00f6demede bulunan sigortac\u0131, sigorta s\u00f6zle\u015fmesine ve bu s\u00f6zle\u015fmeye ili\u015fkin kanun h\u00fck\u00fcmlerine g\u00f6re, tazminat\u0131n kald\u0131r\u0131lmas\u0131n\u0131 sa\u011flayabilece\u011fi oranda sigorta ettirene r\u00fccu edebilir\u201d h\u00fckm\u00fc mevcuttur. \u015eu halde sigortac\u0131 davay\u0131 ancak kendisiyle s\u00f6zle\u015fme yapan ki\u015fiye kar\u015f\u0131 a\u00e7abilecektir.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Di\u011fer bir anlat\u0131mla ara\u00e7 maliki olmakla birlikte sigorta ettiren olmayan ki\u015fi s\u00f6zle\u015fmenin taraf\u0131 olmad\u0131\u011f\u0131ndan, \u00e2kdin taraf\u0131 olmayan ara\u00e7 malikine kar\u015f\u0131 Genel \u015eartlar\u0131n 4. maddesine dayan\u0131larak r\u00fccuan tazminat davas\u0131 a\u00e7\u0131labilmesi m\u00fcmk\u00fcn de\u011fildir.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Yukar\u0131daki a\u00e7\u0131klanan d\u00fczenlemelerden anla\u015f\u0131ld\u0131\u011f\u0131 \u00fczere; taraflar aras\u0131ndaki Poli\u00e7enin Genel \u015eartlar\u0131na g\u00f6re sigortac\u0131n\u0131n r\u00fccu hakk\u0131n\u0131n do\u011fumu i\u00e7in kazan\u0131n salt (m\u00fcnhas\u0131ran) alkol\u00fcn etkisiyle meydana gelmi\u015f olmas\u0131 gerekmektedir; tek ba\u015f\u0131na s\u00fcr\u00fcc\u00fcn\u00fcn alkoll\u00fc olmas\u0131 sigortac\u0131ya r\u00fccu hakk\u0131 vermez. Arac\u0131 s\u00fcrenin, alkol\u00fcn tesiri alt\u0131nda olup, g\u00fcvenli s\u00fcrme yetene\u011fini kaybetmi\u015f olmas\u0131 halinde, meydana gelen kazan\u0131n s\u00fcr\u00fcc\u00fcn\u00fcn alkoll\u00fc olu\u015funun bir sonucu olmas\u0131 gerekir.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Ba\u015fka bir anlat\u0131mla s\u00fcr\u00fcc\u00fc alkoll\u00fc olsa da, olmasa da kaza meydana gelecektiyse bu durum sigortac\u0131n\u0131n sigortal\u0131ya r\u00fccu edebilmesi i\u00e7in yeterli bir neden de\u011fildir.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Bu kapsamda alkoll\u00fc ara\u00e7 kullanma sebebiyle olu\u015fan bir rizikoda sigorta tazminat\u0131 \u00f6deyen sigortac\u0131 kendi sigortal\u0131s\u0131na r\u00fccu ederken 6762 say\u0131l\u0131 T\u00fcrk Ticaret Kanunu (TTK)\u2019nun 1281. madde uyar\u0131nca b\u00f6yle bir durumun varl\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131 ispat ile y\u00fck\u00fcml\u00fcd\u00fcr.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Yarg\u0131tay\u2019\u0131n yerle\u015fik uygulamalar\u0131nda; s\u00fcr\u00fcc\u00fcn\u00fcn ald\u0131\u011f\u0131 alkol oran\u0131n\u0131n her zaman do\u011frudan do\u011fruya sonuca etkisi bulunmad\u0131\u011f\u0131ndan, mahkemece n\u00f6roloji uzman\u0131, hukuk\u00e7u ve trafik konusunda uzman bilirki\u015filerden olu\u015fan bilirki\u015fi kurulu arac\u0131l\u0131\u011f\u0131yla, olay\u0131n salt alkol\u00fcn etkisiyle ger\u00e7ekle\u015fip ger\u00e7ekle\u015fmedi\u011finin, alkol d\u0131\u015f\u0131nda ba\u015fka unsurlar\u0131n da olay\u0131n meydana gelmesinde rol oynay\u0131p oynamad\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131n saptanmas\u0131, sonu\u00e7ta olay\u0131n tek ba\u015f\u0131na alkol\u00fcn etkisi ile meydana geldi\u011finin saptanmas\u0131 durumunda, olu\u015fan hasar\u0131n poli\u00e7e teminat\u0131 d\u0131\u015f\u0131nda kalaca\u011f\u0131n\u0131n kabul\u00fc gerekece\u011fi ilkesi benimsenmektedir (Yarg\u0131tay Hukuk Genel Kurulu\u2019nun 11.05.2011 g\u00fcn ve 2011\/17-182-294 esas, karar; 23.10.2002 g\u00fcn ve 2002\/11-768-840 esas, karar; 07.04.2004 g\u00fcn ve 2004\/11-257-212 esas, karar; 02.03.2005 g\u00fcn ve 2005\/11-81-118 esas, karar; 14.12.2005 g\u00fcn ve 2005\/11-624-713 esas, karar say\u0131l\u0131 ilamlar\u0131).<\/p>\n\n\n\n

T\u00fcm bu a\u00e7\u0131klamalar \u0131\u015f\u0131\u011f\u0131nda somut olay ele al\u0131nd\u0131\u011f\u0131nda;<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Dosya kapsam\u0131na g\u00f6re, davac\u0131ya trafik sigortas\u0131 poli\u00e7esi ile sigortal\u0131 10 NY 159 plaka say\u0131l\u0131 arac\u0131n dava d\u0131\u015f\u0131 s\u00fcr\u00fcc\u00fc K.. A..\u2019un alkoll\u00fc olarak gece vakti \u00e7amurlu, \u00e7ukurlu ve mucurlu zeminde dikkatsiz ve tedbirsiz bi\u00e7imde seyretmesi sonucu arac\u0131n direksiyon hakimiyetini kaybederek takla atmas\u0131 sonucu olay\u0131n meydana geldi\u011fi anla\u015f\u0131lmaktad\u0131r.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u0130ki adet n\u00f6roloji uzman\u0131 ve makine m\u00fchendisi bilirki\u015fi kurulundan olu\u015fan heyet taraf\u0131ndan d\u00fczenlenen bilirki\u015fi raporunda, 23.11.2005 tarihli Trafik Kazas\u0131 Tespit Tutana\u011f\u0131nda yoldaki asfalt \u00e7al\u0131\u015fmas\u0131 sebebiyle yolun mucurlu oldu\u011fu, davac\u0131 \u015firkete sigortal\u0131 10 NH 159 plakal\u0131 arac\u0131n yol kenar\u0131ndaki mucura kap\u0131ld\u0131\u011f\u0131 belirtildi\u011finden ve ayr\u0131ca tutanakta yoldaki \u00e7amur ve \u00e7ukurlardan da bahsedildi\u011finden, kazan\u0131n olu\u015fumunda, s\u00fcr\u00fcc\u00fc K.. A..\u2019un alkoll\u00fc olmas\u0131n\u0131n etkisi oldu\u011fu gibi, ayn\u0131 zamanda yol \u015fartlar\u0131n\u0131n da etkisi oldu\u011fu, bu sebeple de kazan\u0131n salt (m\u00fcnhas\u0131ran) alkol\u00fcn etkisi alt\u0131nda ger\u00e7ekle\u015fmedi\u011fi kanaatine var\u0131ld\u0131\u011f\u0131 bildirilmi\u015ftir.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Kazadan yakla\u015f\u0131k 1 saat 25 dakika sonra yap\u0131lan \u00f6l\u00e7\u00fcm sonucu ara\u00e7 s\u00fcr\u00fcc\u00fcs\u00fcn\u00fcn 0,70 oran\u0131nda alkoll\u00fc oldu\u011fu saptanm\u0131\u015f ise de, yukar\u0131da yap\u0131lan a\u00e7\u0131klamalar do\u011frultusunda s\u00fcr\u00fcc\u00fcn\u00fcn alkoll\u00fc olmas\u0131 ve alkol\u00fcn etkisi alt\u0131nda bu kazay\u0131 yapmas\u0131 yaln\u0131z ba\u015f\u0131na hasar\u0131n teminat d\u0131\u015f\u0131 kalmas\u0131n\u0131 gerektirmez. Trafik sigortac\u0131s\u0131n\u0131n ZMSS Poli\u00e7esi Genel \u015eartlar\u0131 B.4 maddesi uyar\u0131nca sigorta ettirene r\u00fccu hakk\u0131n\u0131n do\u011fumu i\u00e7in trafik sigortas\u0131 poli\u00e7esi kapsam\u0131nda yap\u0131lan \u00f6demenin meydana geldi\u011fi kazan\u0131n salt alkol\u00fcn etkisi alt\u0131nda olu\u015fmas\u0131 ve bu durumun uzman bilirki\u015filerden olu\u015fan heyet taraf\u0131ndan verilen rapor ile saptanmas\u0131 gerekmektedir.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

A\u00e7\u0131k\u00e7a g\u00f6r\u00fclece\u011fi \u00fczere ve yukar\u0131da de\u011finildi\u011fi gibi kaza, tek ba\u015f\u0131na davac\u0131 \u015firket sigortal\u0131s\u0131 ara\u00e7 s\u00fcr\u00fcc\u00fcs\u00fcn\u00fcn alkoll\u00fc olmas\u0131n\u0131n etkisiyle meydana gelmemi\u015ftir. Olaya bunun yan\u0131nda yoldaki asfalt \u00e7al\u0131\u015fmas\u0131, \u00e7amur ve \u00e7ukurlar\u0131n etkisinin oldu\u011fu da anla\u015f\u0131lmaktad\u0131r.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

G\u00f6r\u00fc\u015fmeler s\u0131ras\u0131nda bir k\u0131s\u0131m \u00fcyeler, kazan\u0131n tek tarafl\u0131 olarak ara\u00e7 s\u00fcr\u00fcc\u00fcs\u00fcn\u00fcn kusurundan kaynaklanmas\u0131, kaza s\u0131ras\u0131nda s\u00fcr\u00fcc\u00fcn\u00fcn alkoll\u00fc olmas\u0131 ve bilirki\u015filer taraf\u0131ndan yol \u015fartlar\u0131na kusur verilmemesi nedenleriyle kazan\u0131n salt s\u00fcr\u00fcc\u00fcn\u00fcn alkoll\u00fc olmas\u0131 nedeniyle meydana geldi\u011finin kabul\u00fc ile zarar\u0131n teminat d\u0131\u015f\u0131 kald\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131 belirterek yerel mahkeme karar\u0131n\u0131n onanmas\u0131 y\u00f6n\u00fcnde g\u00f6r\u00fc\u015f beyan etmi\u015f iseler de, Kurul \u00e7o\u011funlu\u011fu taraf\u0131ndan bu g\u00f6r\u00fc\u015f kabul edilmemi\u015ftir.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Hal b\u00f6yle olunca, a\u00e7\u0131klanan nedenlerle davan\u0131n reddine karar vermek gerekirken; olay\u0131n olu\u015f \u015fekline, dosya i\u00e7eri\u011fine ve Yarg\u0131tay\u2019\u0131n yerle\u015fik uygulamalar\u0131na ayk\u0131r\u0131 bir \u015fekilde davan\u0131n kabul\u00fcne karar verilmesi usul ve yasaya ayk\u0131r\u0131d\u0131r.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Bu nedenle direnme karar\u0131 bozulmal\u0131d\u0131r.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

SONU\u00c7: Daval\u0131 vekilinin temyiz itirazlar\u0131n\u0131n kabul\u00fc ile, direnme karar\u0131n\u0131n yukar\u0131da ve \u00d6zel Dairenin bozma karar\u0131n\u0131n (2). bendinde g\u00f6sterilen nedenlerden dolay\u0131 6217 say\u0131l\u0131 Kanunun 30. maddesi ile 6100 say\u0131l\u0131 Hukuk Muhakemeleri Kanunu\u2019na eklenen \u201cGe\u00e7ici madde 3\u201d atf\u0131yla uygulanmakta olan 1086 say\u0131l\u0131 Hukuk Usul\u00fc Muhakemeleri Kanunu\u2019nun 429. maddesi gere\u011fince BOZULMASINA, istek halinde temyiz pe\u015fin harc\u0131n\u0131n yat\u0131rana geri verilmesine, 10.12.2014 g\u00fcn\u00fcnde oy\u00e7oklu\u011fuyla karar verildi.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

T.C. YARGITAY HUKUK GENEL KURULU Esas No:2013\/1199 Karar No:2014\/1018 K. Tarihi:10.12.2014 R\u00dcCUAN TAZM\u0130NAT DAVASI – TRAF\u0130K S\u0130GORTASI POL\u0130\u00c7ES\u0130 KAPSAMINDA YAPILAN \u00d6DEMEN\u0130N MEYDANA GELD\u0130\u011e\u0130 KAZANIN SALT ALKOL\u00dcN ETK\u0130S\u0130 ALTINDA OLU\u015eMASI – KAZAYA YOLDAK\u0130 ASFALT \u00c7ALI\u015eMASI \u00c7AMUR VE \u00c7UKURLARIN DA ETK\u0130S\u0130N\u0130N OLDU\u011eU A\u00e7\u0131k\u00e7a g\u00f6r\u00fclece\u011fi \u00fczere ve yukar\u0131da de\u011finildi\u011fi gibi kaza, tek ba\u015f\u0131na davac\u0131 \u015firket sigortal\u0131s\u0131 ara\u00e7 s\u00fcr\u00fcc\u00fcs\u00fcn\u00fcn […]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":6032,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":true,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"om_disable_all_campaigns":false,"_monsterinsights_skip_tracking":false,"_monsterinsights_sitenote_active":false,"_monsterinsights_sitenote_note":"","_monsterinsights_sitenote_category":0},"categories":[2],"tags":[5,16],"aioseo_notices":[],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"http:\/\/talhagungor.av.tr\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/6425"}],"collection":[{"href":"http:\/\/talhagungor.av.tr\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"http:\/\/talhagungor.av.tr\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"http:\/\/talhagungor.av.tr\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/1"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"http:\/\/talhagungor.av.tr\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=6425"}],"version-history":[{"count":4,"href":"http:\/\/talhagungor.av.tr\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/6425\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":7238,"href":"http:\/\/talhagungor.av.tr\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/6425\/revisions\/7238"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"http:\/\/talhagungor.av.tr\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media\/6032"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"http:\/\/talhagungor.av.tr\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=6425"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"http:\/\/talhagungor.av.tr\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=6425"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"http:\/\/talhagungor.av.tr\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=6425"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}